速读的技巧Speed Reading Techniques
速读可以帮助你更快地阅读和理解文章，在必须快速处理大量信息的环境中，例如信息快速变化的特殊环境中，这是一项必要的技能。如果你身陷”信息超载”，速读就是关键技术了。
关键问题
速读最重要的窍门是，阅读的目的要明确，阅读前弄明白要从文章中获取什么信息。如果你仅仅要获得文章的要点，那么你可以快速略读一下，抽取其中必要的观点。如果你需要理解文章的细节，那么你就要慢慢阅读，以便彻底地理解它。
通过学习略读非常详细的文档，你将节省出很多时间。
技巧说明
如果你知道怎样忽略不相关的细节，那还不够，还有其它一些改进阅读方式的技巧可以提高阅读速度。
多数人是从孩子的阅读方式开始学习阅读的，一个字一个字地，或者一个词一个词地。作为成年人，这很可能不是你的阅读方式—想想当你现在阅读时眼部肌肉是怎样运动的。你会发现你的眼睛是在看某一段文字，过一会儿又移动到下一段文字，如此进行下去。每次你都是阅读一段文字，而不是一个字一个字地阅读。还会发现并不是每次都从这一段移动到下一段：如果前面的一段意思不是很确定，有时你会返回去看前一段。
一个熟练的阅读者阅读的每一段都会有很多字词。他只是飞快地看一下每一段的细节，然后继续。阅读者的眼睛很少会回看前一段文字，这样可以减少眼睛的工作量，也增加了在一段时间内可以处理的信息量。
一个生疏的阅读者就会遇到困难，花费很多时间阅读小段小段的文字，他经常往回看，漏过对文章的条理结构和主题的完整理解。不规则的目光移动使得阅读成了一件累人的事情。生疏的阅读者将讨厌阅读，会认为很难集中精力去理解书面的信息。
该怎样做
通过以下措施来练习速读：
1．增加每一段的字词的数量
2．减少阅读每一段消耗的时间
3．减少你的目光移回到前一个句子的次数
理由是这样的：
1．增加每一段的字词的数量
这需要有意识地锻炼，尝试着增加每次阅读的字词的数量，通过练习，你会读得更快。将文字放得离眼睛更远一些，能够增加你每次阅读的段中的字词数量。在每一段中的字词越多，你将读得越快。
2．减少阅读每一段消耗的时间
阅读每一段最少需要四分之一秒，迫使你自己减少花费的时间，这样你将在快速获取信息上做得更出色，这也是一个有关练习和自信的问题。
3．减少你的目光移回到前一个句子的次数
为了减少回读的次数，你可以使用一个指示物来跟踪你阅读的行，可以是手指、钢笔或者铅笔。你的目光紧随指示物的尖端，将使得你的阅读过程更加顺畅。使用这种方法阅读的速度在很大程度上取决于移动指示物的速度。
通过独自运用速读的技巧，可以在一定程度上提高你的阅读速度。
你能坚持自学是因为专业阅读机和来自成功速读建立的自信 --- 一天的好课程就可以改变你的阅读技能。
要点
速读可以使你更快地阅读资料，在短期记忆中你可以掌握更多，所以也会理解得更好。
提高阅读的速度的方法是，每一段读更多的文字，减少读每一段的时间，使用指示物和减少回读。
本
Speed reading helps you read and understand text faster. In settings where you must process large amounts of information quickly, in fast-shifting information environments especially, it is a necessary skill. If you are trapped in “information overload”, speed reading becomes the key technique.
The key question
The most important trick in speed reading is to be clear about your purpose in reading: before you read, work out what information you want from the text. If you only need the main points, you can skim it quickly and pull out the essential ideas. If you need to understand the details, then read slowly, so as to understand it thoroughly.
By learning to skim very detailed documents, you will save a great deal of time.
How the technique works
Knowing how to skip irrelevant detail is not enough; there are other techniques for improving the way you read that can raise your reading speed.
Most people learn to read the way children do: one character at a time, or one word at a time. As an adult, this is very likely not how you read—think about how your eye muscles move when you read now. You will find your eyes take in one block of text, then after a moment move on to the next block, and so on. Each time, you are reading a block of text, not one word after another. You will also find you do not always move from one block to the next: when the meaning of an earlier block is not quite certain, you sometimes go back to look at it again.
A skilled reader takes in many words with every block. He only glances briefly at the details of each block, then moves on. His eyes rarely look back at an earlier block of text, which reduces the work his eyes must do and increases the amount of information he can process in a given time.
An unpracticed reader runs into trouble: he spends a great deal of time reading tiny block after tiny block, keeps looking back, and misses a complete grasp of the text’s structure and theme. The irregular movement of his gaze turns reading into an exhausting business. The unpracticed reader will come to hate reading, and will find it hard to concentrate on understanding written information.
What to do
Practice speed reading through the following measures:\
- Increase the number of words in each block\
- Reduce the time spent reading each block\
- Reduce the number of times your gaze moves back to an earlier sentence
The reasoning goes like this:\ - Increase the number of words in each block
This takes conscious training. Try to increase the number of words you take in with each reading; through practice, you will read faster. Holding the text a little farther from your eyes can increase the number of words in each block you read. The more words in each block, the faster you will read.\ - Reduce the time spent reading each block
Reading each block takes at least a quarter of a second. Push yourself to spend less time on each, and you will do far better at taking in information quickly. This too is a matter of practice and confidence.\ - Reduce the number of times your gaze moves back to an earlier sentence
To cut down on re-reading, you can use a pointer to track the line you are reading: a finger, a pen, or a pencil. Keeping your gaze tight on the pointer’s tip will make the reading process flow more smoothly. With this method, your reading speed depends to a large degree on how fast you move the pointer.
Applying speed reading techniques on your own can raise your reading speed to a certain extent.
What lets you keep at the self-study is a professional reading machine and the confidence built from successful speed reading --- one good day of coursework can transform your reading skills.
Key points
Speed reading lets you get through material faster; you can hold more in short-term memory, and so you will understand better too.
The way to raise your reading speed: read more words in each block, spend less time on each block, use a pointer, and cut down on re-reading.
本
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